A tiny cluster of Solana bots unlocked a 3x trading advantage by routing through one proprietary protocol
New analysis into automated trading on Solana discovered a practically threefold distinction in optimistic wrapped SOL outcomes inside one small group of bots. Transactions that invoked HumidiFi, which the paper classifies as a proprietary automated market maker, recorded a optimistic WSOL stability change about 62.3% of the time. Other transactions in the identical 12-address group did so at a 21.01% price.
The comparison lined 244,733 HumidiFi-invoking transactions, together with 152,502 with a optimistic WSOL stability change, and 218,678 different transactions, together with 45,949 with a optimistic change. The price ratio was about 2.97.
The edge appeared in one slim cluster
The ASE 2026-accepted paper examined 200 addresses related to two trading-oriented bot providers on the Solana network. The researchers chosen the highest 100 addresses linked to Trojan and the highest 100 linked to SolanaMevBot, then collected their transactions from Oct. 1 to Nov. 1, 2025. They grouped 158 addresses into 4 clusters utilizing measures corresponding to transaction depth, execution success, charges, and asset breadth, whereas treating 42 addresses as noise.
The paper additionally studied 586 public bot repositories, however that software program pattern was constructed individually and can’t be related to the 200 on-chain addresses. Its authors revealed a replication package through Zenodo.
Transaction-pattern evaluations and repair labels supported treating three clusters, totaling 56 addresses, as MEV-like. In this context, that meant the bots confirmed round-trip, cross-venue trading patterns in line with arbitrage. WSOL appeared in 70.90% to 99.94% of transactions throughout these teams, however every cluster used a completely different venue combine.
The 12-address group on the heart of the profit-rate comparability routed closely through Jupiter and likewise invoked proprietary AMMs together with HumidiFi. The researchers recognized venues from the packages referred to as inside every transaction and mapped these program IDs utilizing Solscan annotations. They stated the routes could contain closed or specialised liquidity, however didn’t decide why the HumidiFi-linked transactions carried out in another way.
The research’s revenue measure was a change between pre-transaction and post-transaction WSOL token balances. It was not a absolutely netted account of technique returns that remoted charges, ideas, timing, tackle conduct, route alternative, or different potential variations. The information present a correlation inside this cluster, not proof that HumidiFi entry prompted the hole.
A separate 102-address trading-operations cluster concentrated 80.9% of its exercise on the Pump.enjoyable ecosystem. Venue alternative sharply separated the sampled bots’ exercise, even on one blockchain.
CryptoSlate has beforehand examined Solana’s subsidies for professional trading flow, bot-related congestion, and sandwich attacks on retail users. This research doesn’t join HumidiFi or the sampled bots to these harms.
For ordinary DEX users, the discovering means that members on one chain can encounter completely different alternatives when their routing, infrastructure, or venue set differs. The research didn’t evaluate retail fills, slippage, or losses, so it can’t present that public-interface customers had been instantly harmed. The measured transactions nonetheless reveal materially completely different circumstances contained in the sampled execution paths.
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